Fine BELLARMINE JUG Frechen/Cologne, 1st half 17th ctry. A.D., almost invisible restoration, h. 14 cm 185 EUR At this period, wines and beers were drawn from barrels into bottles of stoneware or leather. This type of stoneware bottle (salt-glazed) was first made in the Netherlands and incorporated a stamped image of Cardinal Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621), who was a bitter opponent of the Dutch Reformed Church and so it was common for Protestants wishing to insult him by smashing the jugs.